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1.                       Elements of Effective Writing There are so many people in the world who engage themselves in writing. Some of them do so as a professional requirement while others as a hobby. It is common knowledge that all of them are not equally successful in their job. Those who excel do so because they follow certain rules of the game. There are some elementary rules which every writer has to follow if he wants to make his writing effective. Even born writers have to follow these principles. It is another matter that they come to them naturally without having to labour much. Writing is an art which has to be cultivated and practised to achieve perfection. Writing is an important part of the duties to be performed by people working in business organisations, especially those occupying senior positions. Different kinds of reports, presentations and a variety of ...

Change of Narration Direct and Indirect Speech (Narration) Direct Speech/Narration: When the exact words used by the speaker are reproduced by the person reporting what the speaker has said/says/will say, the speech is known as the direct speech/narration. Indirect Speech:  when the narrator reproduces in his own words what the speaker has said/says/will say, the speech is said to be the indirect/reported speech/narration. Change of Speech/Narration Direct to Indirect: Three basic types of changes are effected while changing direct speech into indirect speech. Rules to be followed for these are given below: Rules applicable to all types of sentences Change of Pronouns: The following formula is followed for the change of pronouns:               1 ---- S                     2 --- O  ...